The development of information technology has promoted the development of optical fiber communication engineering. The construction environment of communication optical cable engineering is more complex. In the construction of communication optical cable lines, it is necessary to combine the actual situation, strengthen the supervision of the construction process, and analyze and control the problems in the construction of communication optical cable in advance to ensure communication optical cable. The quality of road construction. The communication industry has taken a large ship of information technology and developed rapidly, driving the development of other economic industries, thus promoting the development of the overall economy. The key technology of communication optical cable engineering is the laying of optical cable. At present, there are certain problems in the construction of communication optical cable lines, which affects the quality of communication optical cable engineering and is not conducive to the development of the communication industry. Based on this, this paper starts with the problems existing in the construction of communication optical cable lines, and then puts forward feasible solutions to promote the benign development of the communication industry.
[Keywords] Communication optical cable; line construction; problems;
In the current development of the communication industry, the construction requirements for communication engineering are gradually increasing. In the face of the new requirements of industry development and new standards for market development, attention should be paid to all construction links in the actual communication optical cable engineering. The laying of optical cable is the key link of communication optical cable engineering, and the quality of optical cable line laying should be ensured. It is necessary to control the problems in the construction process to ensure the smooth progress of the construction. In communication optical cable engineering, if the laying of optical cable lines is unqualified, it will affect the quality of the whole communication optical cable project and reduce the quality of communication. At the same time, with the continuous increase of communication engineering, there are better solutions to the problems encountered in the actual construction of optical cable lines, which ensures the construction quality of the overall communication optical cable project. Although there is a better solution to the problem of optical cable laying, the construction department still needs to pay attention to the construction of optical cable and do a good job of construction control in order to improve the level of optical cable laying.
1. Problems in the construction of communication optical cable lines
1.1 Large damage to the optical cable joint
The biggest problem in the construction of communication optical cable lines is that the optical cable joint is easily damaged. Combined with the optical cable construction standards, it is necessary to ensure that the loss of the optical cable connector should be controlled within the range of 0.04dB during the construction process. However, in the actual control process, it is difficult and there are many obstacles. Generally, in the process of concrete construction, there are many factors for the loss of optical cable joints. Combined with many actual cases of optical cable laying engineering, it can be summarized that the main reasons for the loss of optical cable joints are as follows: First, in the construction of optical cable lines, the consumption of optical cable joints will be increased by the influence of welding process and tools. Damage, resulting in increased damage to the optical cable joint; Second, in the actual construction of optical cable lines, the construction will be hindered under the influence of the construction blind area, which will lead to an increase in the loss of optical cable joints; Third, after the completion of the construction of the optical cable line, the communication effect will be tested, but in the actual test, more single In the secondary test method, the authenticity of the single test results is low, which affects the correctness of the judgment, which leads to the increased consumption of the optical cable joint. Fourth, in the construction of the optical cable line, the placement of the end surface is not controlled, resulting in the incorrect placement of the end surface, which will increase the loss of the optical cable joint. The above practical factors will affect the construction effect point of optical cable lines. Therefore, in the actual construction of optical cable lines, we should combine actual factors to increase construction control, analyze and control the factors affecting the laying effect of optical cable, and propose feasible measures to reduce the wear and tear of optical cable joints.
1.2 Fiber breakage in optical cable lines
In the construction of communication optical cables, the damage of optical cables is relatively common. In addition to the common deformation and skin of optical cables, the laying of optical cables will also be limited by many practical factors, and then optical cable problems will occur, such as the production process of optical cable, the tools used in construction, the technical level of construction personnel, the insufficient management of the supervision unit, etc. It will affect the laying of optical cables, resulting in the actual problem of fiber breaking, and then affect its function. Due to the limitations of practical factors, after the delivery of the optical cable line project, there will be many practical problems, which will affect the normal communication, resulting in the low overall quality of the communication project, which brings inconvenience to the operation of many other projects.
1.3 The problem of laying optical cable lines
In the process of laying the optical cable line, it is necessary to make early preparations. If the construction area is not cleaned up, it will cause a series of problems. It is necessary to clean up the construction area and remove harmful objects that may hinder the laying of the cable within the construction scope, so as to protect the protective cover of the optical cable from being damaged, but Before the actual laying construction, the construction personnel did not effectively clean up the construction area, thus laying hidden dangers for the laying of optical cables. In the construction process of optical cable, there is a lack of centralized management of optical cables, and the management personnel are not strong enough to control the strength when pulling the optical cable, resulting in the damage of the protective layer of the optical cable, and finally the aluminum foil is exposed. At the same time, the optical cable may be damaged due to the folding and bending of the optical cable, which will be affected. The protective layer of the optical cable in the optical cable has an important protective and isolation effect on the optical cable. Once the protective layer is damaged, it will cause the optical cable to be damaged, which will eventually affect the performance of the optical cable. During the construction of the optical cable line, the excessive force of pulling the optical cable and improper movement will lead to damage to the outer skin of the optical cable. The optical cable should be replaced according to the degree of skin damage. Under normal circumstances, if the optical cable is replaced, the construction cost will be increased. If the optical cable is not replaced, it may cause potential safety hazards in the later stage. Therefore, in the construction, the cost of optical cable construction should be considered, and the cost of optical cable should be replaced according to the degree of damage to ensure the construction efficiency and reduce the construction cost.
1.4 Damage to the outer skin of the optical cable
Damage to the outer skin of the optical cable will directly affect the use of optical fiber. Once the optical cable is negatively affected by the external environment, it will reduce the efficiency of optical fiber. Optical cables mainly transmit signals and mainly adopt the mode of ground construction, so they are very vulnerable to the limitations of the external environment. At the same time, after the construction of the optical cable is completed, it is also very difficult to maintain and maintain the optical cable in the later stage. If there is a rainstorm, the rain will wash the land. Over time, the optical cable will be exposed to the surface. Under the bite of various animals, it will affect the performance of the outer skin of the optical cable, resulting in the problem of cracking and deformation of the outer skin of the optical cable. Generally, after the optical cable damage problem occurs, the local communication department should replace the optical cable in time and implement remedial measures to prevent the damage of the optical cable from deepening. However, if the relevant departments do not pay attention to the later maintenance, it may lead to the deepening of the damage of the optical cable, which will affect the whole optical cable line and eventually cause huge losses. Increase the construction cost of optical cable.
2. Research on the construction technology of optical cable lines
The study of optical cable line construction technology can prevent problems in optical cable laying from a technical perspective, so as to improve the construction quality of optical cable laying.
2.1 Optical cable line laying and construction technology
In the laying construction of optical cable lines, it is necessary to control the overall construction environment to ensure the application of construction technology and thus improve the quality of optical cable laying construction. Before laying the construction, it is necessary to make preparations in the early stage. The construction team should pave the way. Technical personnel can be arranged to the construction site for guidance to ensure the effective application of various technologies. At the same time, in order to improve the management effect, experienced supervision and management personnel should be arranged to carry out on-site construction supervision, so as to strengthen on-site management. Ensure the efficient operation of optical cable line construction. First, ensure that the construction of the project is fully prepared, reasonably arrange different engineering materials, equipment, personnel, tools, etc., implement different construction supervision work, and strictly control the construction technicians. Only through the preparation of the early stage can we ensure the orderly progress of the later project. Second, after the completion of the laying of the optical cable line, the implementation Standardized engineering inspection work, combined with the standard inspection of optical cable line laying in communication engineering, control the supervision of each construction procedure and improve the quality of optical cable laying project.
2.2 Optical cable line test and construction technology
As an important link after the construction of the optical cable line, the test construction technology is mainly to test the communication effect of the optical cable. Generally, the quality test should be carried out after the construction of the optical cable line is completed. The following points should be combined with the test: First, combine the principle of backscax ray curve to understand the continuity of the optical cable and ensure that the optical cable is good. Signal transmission performance; Second, focus on the optical fiber inside the optical cable to see if it is complete, ensure a good signal transmission environment, and create a stable information transmission environment; third, focus on detecting optical time domain reflection data. If the reflector cannot identify the data, it will affect engineering detection. The inspection link is a key part of optical cable construction, and attention should be paid to ensure the good operation of the communication project.
2.3 Optical cable line construction quality inspection technology
The construction quality of optical cable lines directly affects the operation of the project and directly affects the quality of communication. Attention should be paid to the detection of the construction quality of optical cable lines. Generally, the quality can be tested from three aspects: First, the outside of the optical cable should be tested to see if the outer layer is intact, and the whole optical cable should be tested. Second, the analysis The quality of optical cable lines can be tested by experienced technicians, understand and record the internal refractive index of optical cables, and provide data for later optical cable construction. Third, analyze the performance of optical cable lines, master the construction standards of optical cable lines, and carry out construction in combination with construction standards.
2.4 Acceptance of optical cable line construction quality
Construction quality acceptance is the last link after the construction of optical cable. In the acceptance process, we should pay attention to quality management, check the hidden dangers of engineering quality, increase the detection of hidden projects, and focus on the analysis of engineering points that are prone to problems, and ensure the stable operation of communication projects. In the process of engineering quality acceptance after the construction of optical cable, attention should be paid to filling in the detection data to ensure the correctness of the data. After that, the data should be sorted out and handed over to the superior management personnel for secondary review. Finally, the optical cable construction acceptance data should be classified and archived for management to provide basic data for later optical cable maintenance.
3. Ways to improve the construction quality of communication optical cable lines
3.1 Solution to the loss of optical cable connectors
3.1.1 Treatment of optical cable connection process
In order to ensure the smoothness of optical cable connection, when connecting optical cables, attention should be paid to the application of the connection process and do a good job in the test of continuous processing. When conducting a single disk test, it is necessary to ensure that the length of the OTDR test tail fiber is more than 2km, which can not only ensure the test effect, but also avoid the cause of insufficient test distance. The problem of inaccurate test avoids the problem of large fluctuations in the test results. In the connection construction, two-way monitoring can be used to ensure the installation and rationality of the joint box. After the installation of the connector box, multiple tests should be carried out to ensure the accuracy of the connection, avoid the problem of repeated construction, and improve the overall connection efficiency of the joint.
3.1.2 Control the construction details of the optical cable connector
There are many details to be dealt with in the joint construction. Therefore, in the actual construction, it is necessary to deal with the details, observe at any time, accurately release the optical cable, and carry out construction in combination with the optical cable construction standards to ensure that the optical cable can be buried underground in an orderly and efficient manner. Before construction, the optical cable should be placed in the welding room and the guide rail groove, and the optical cable should be adjusted with the help of test instruments to ensure the accuracy of the optical cable laying position. As shown in Figure 1. In the actual optical cable construction, after removing the optical fiber, it is also necessary to check whether there is debris on the surface of the optical fiber, such as dust particles. Attachment, if there is an attachment, be careful to clean up and check whether the end of the optical cable is intact, whether there is any fracture and side reflection. In the process of operation, it is also necessary to check whether the optical fiber has problems of pulling, hanging and squeezing. Ensuring the quality of the optical cable is the key to good construction and the basis for the detailed operation of optical cable construction.
3.2 Solving the problem of optical cable line interruption fiber
3.2.1 Emphasis on testing
To solve the problem of fiber breakage in the optical cable line, it is necessary to do a good job in testing. Generally, after the construction is completed, the construction team can arrange experienced inspectors to carry out an all-round inspection, through comprehensive testing to understand the installation quality of the line, and at the same time, in the actual optical cable construction, the whole process should be carried out according to the actual situation. Record the detection. In order to effectively solve the actual problems in the construction of optical cable, it is necessary to reasonably arrange the test work, ensure the smooth implementation of the test work, and solve the actual problems in a targeted manner. In the specific test work, the method of segmented testing is generally adopted. The method of segmented testing can reduce the problem of inadequate measurement. In the subsequent test, the “bending optical cable” can also be used to cause the loss of the optical fiber in the optical cable, and combined with OTDR to test the distance between the bending point and the fault point of the optical cable to reduce the The range of obstacles and the fault location of the optical cable can be identified, so as to achieve accurate measurement.
3.2.2 Optical cable link steps and fiber-broken solutions
When dealing with the problem of optical cable link steps and fiber breakage, reasonable measures should be taken in combination with the severity of the problem and the actual situation. Generally, the most commonly used method is to remove the faulty part, which is the most direct method and the most effective method. After removing the faulty part, then use a qualified optical cable to Replace. The laying work of optical cables is mostly under underground construction, and the construction depth is deep. It is more complicated when replacing optical cables. Therefore, it is necessary to construct accurately in the specific construction. Technicians should accurately find the faulty breakpoint before they can process and replace the faulty optical cable. When replacing the new optical cable, it is still necessary to deal with the optical cable connector to prevent the problem of excessive connector depletion.
3.3 Solutions to problems in the construction of optical cable lines
3.3.1 Prepare for construction
Before construction, technicians should make full preparations: first, use the perforation machine to test the construction pipeline, clean up the sludge in the pipeline, and then place the optical cable to prevent the optical cable from being polluted; second, before construction, the entrance of the pipeline should be treated and sealed. At the same time, the optical cable construction standard should be combined in the process of preparation. Accurate, strengthen the protection and control of optical cables in the preliminary pipeline; third, mark the construction lines, marking the construction lines can reduce many problems for the laying of optical cables, ensure the laying efficiency of optical cable lines, and reduce many construction obstacles. Construction personnel can carry out preliminary construction survey, analyze the influencing factors of construction according to the actual situation, plan the laying line plan, and make corresponding marks on the planned optical cable lines to provide reference for construction. Fourth, accurately measure the spacing. To improve the quality of the construction of optical cable lines, it is necessary to do a good job in the optical cable line link. The measurement of spacing is carried out in combination with construction standards. Urban optical cable communication engineering is relatively complex, mainly focusing on sidewalks and horse routes. Therefore, to do a good job in road survey, modern information technology can be used to establish road models, formulate optical cable laying construction plans, solve the construction change problem through 3D simulation, reduce cable laying costs, and shorten the construction period; Fourth, the measurement of pipeline spacing is also very critical. It is necessary to minimize the pipeline error, control the error within a reasonable range, and pay attention to the cleaning of the construction site, clean up debris, sand and gravel, etc., and ensure the cleanliness of the construction environment.
3.3.2 Improve the quality of construction personnel
In order to improve the construction effect of optical cable and reduce the practical problems in optical cable construction, it is necessary to improve the quality of construction personnel. The quality of optical cable construction personnel directly affects the laying effect of communication optical cable. To improve the quality of laying, we should pay attention to improving the quality of construction personnel, ensure that construction personnel have mature construction technology, high professional quality, and master solid optical cable communication knowledge. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the professional quality of construction personnel, and urge construction personnel to accumulate relevant experience in practice. However, in the actual optical cable construction, the quality of some optical cable construction personnel still needs to be improved. Many construction personnel, whether professional technology or professional quality, have certain shortcomings and cannot meet the current optical cable construction requirements, so the skill training of construction personnel can be increased to ensure a high mastery of optical cable construction personnel. The vocational skills will be put into construction after they are qualified for the job.
3.3.3 Strengthen the control of construction details
It is necessary to do a good job in the detailed control of communication optical cable construction. If the details are not handled properly, it is easy to have various problems. Therefore, the construction personnel should be conscientious and responsible, do a good job in construction supervision, subject to the construction arrangement, and do a good job in emergency plans to ensure the orderly implementation of various processes. At the same time, in order to do a good job in the laying of optical cables, each construction personnel It is necessary to strictly follow the construction rules, standards and systems to prevent problems and avoid many problems. Due to the particularity of the optical cable, it is necessary to protect the optical cable from scratching during construction, which will affect its performance. Once the optical cable is scratched, the waterproof function will be affected, and the optical cable may be corroded in a humid environment, which will eventually affect the transmission of its signal. For example, after the assembly of the connector box and the connection operation are completed, the connection box rack should be set high to avoid being scratched by sharps.
4. Concluding remarks
To sum up, the laying of optical cable lines in optical cable communication engineering is very important. To improve the construction quality of optical cable laying, we should not only pay attention to every link of optical cable construction, but also pay attention to the application of optical cable construction technology, control the construction points, focus on analyzing the problems existing in the construction of optical cable lines, and propose solutions in combination with the actual situation. Countermeasures can improve the construction quality of optical cables and ensure the rapid development of the communication industry.
